Ⅰ.Uhlolojikelele
Ezitshalweni zamandla ashisayo, amasistimu e-petrochemical, uketshezi olunamehlo aphezulu embonini yamakhemikhali amalahle, uketshezi oluxutshwe nothuli nezinhlayiya eziqinile, noketshezi olugqwala kakhulu, ama-valve amabhola adinga ukusebenzisa ama-valve ensimbi avalwe kanzima, ngakho-ke khetha insimbi efanele evalwe kanzima. ama-valve ebhola.Inqubo yokuqina yebhola kanye nesihlalo se-valve yebhola ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ⅱ.Indlela yokuqinisa ibhola kanye nesihlalo se-valve yebhola evalwe kanzima yensimbi
Njengamanje, izinqubo ezivame ukusetshenziswa eziqinisayo ebusweni bensimbi eqinile yokuvala amabhola e-valve ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:
(1) I-Hard Alloy Surfacing (noma i-spray Welding) ebusweni be-sphere, ubulukhuni bungafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-40HRC, inqubo yokuvela kwe-alloy eqinile endaweni eyindilinga iyinkimbinkimbi, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphansi, kanye nendawo enkulu. Ukushisela i-surfacing kulula ukuguqula izingxenye.Inqubo yokuqiniswa kwecala isetshenziswa kancane.
(2) Ubuso be-sphere buhlanganiswe ne-chrome eqinile, ubulukhuni bungafinyelela ku-60-65HRC, futhi ukujiya kungu-0.07-0.10mm.I-chrome-plated layer inokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokugqwala futhi ingagcina ubuso bukhanya isikhathi eside.Inqubo ilula futhi izindleko ziphansi.Nokho, ukuqina kokucwecwa kwe-chrome okuqinile kuzokwehla ngokushesha ngenxa yokukhululwa kwengcindezi yangaphakathi lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lokusebenza alikwazi ukuba ngaphezu kuka-427 °C.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla okubopha we-chrome plating layer aphansi, futhi isendlalelo se-plating sijwayele ukuwa.
(3) Ubuso be-sphere buthatha i-plasma nitriding, ubulukhuni bobuso bungafinyelela ku-60 ~ 65HRC, futhi ukushuba kongqimba lwe-nitride ngu-0.20 ~ 0.40mm.Ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okungekuhle kwenqubo yokwenza lukhuni ukwelashwa kwe-nitriding ye-plasma, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni yokugqwala okuqinile kwamakhemikhali.
(4) Inqubo yokufafaza nge-Supersonic (HVOF) ebusweni bembulunga inobunzima obufika ku-70-75HRC, amandla ahlanganisiwe aphezulu, kanye nogqinsi luka-0.3-0.4mm.Ukufafaza kwe-HVOF kuyindlela eyinhloko yenqubo yokwenza ukuqina kwe-sphere.Le nqubo yokuqina isetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni zamandla ashisayo, izinhlelo ze-petrochemical, uketshezi olune-viscosity ephezulu embonini yamakhemikhali amalahle, uketshezi oluxutshwe nothuli nezinhlayiya eziqinile, noketshezi oludla kakhulu.
Inqubo yokufafaza nge-supersonic iyindlela yenqubo lapho ukushiswa kukaphethiloli we-oksijeni kukhiqiza ukugeleza komoya ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze kusheshiswe izinhlayiya zempushana ukuze zishaye ubuso bengxenye ukuze zenze ukunamathela okuminyene kwendawo.Ngesikhathi senqubo yomthelela, ngenxa yesivinini sezinhlayiyana ezisheshayo (500-750m/s) kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi lezinhlayiyana (-3000°C), amandla okubopha okuphezulu, i-porosity ephansi kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-oxide ephansi kungatholakala ngemva kokushaya ingxenye. .enamathela.Isici se-HVOF ukuthi ijubane lezinhlayiya ze-alloy powder lidlula isivinini somsindo, ngisho nezikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 isivinini somsindo, futhi isivinini somoya siphindwe izikhathi ezingu-4 kunejubane lomsindo.
I-HVOF ubuchwepheshe obusha bokucutshungulwa, ukushuba kwesifutho kungu-0.3-0.4mm, ukumboza kanye nengxenye kuboshwe ngomshini, amandla okubopha aphakeme (77MPa), futhi i-porosity yokumboza iphansi (<1%).Le nqubo inezinga lokushisa eliphansi lokushisa ezingxenyeni (<93°C), izingxenye azikhubazekile, futhi zingafuthwa ngokubandayo.Uma ufutha, isivinini sezinhlayiyana ze-powder siphezulu (1370m / s), ayikho indawo ethintekile ekushiseni, ukubunjwa kanye nesakhiwo sezingxenye akuguquki, ukuqina kokugqoka kuphezulu, futhi kungenziwa ngomshini.
I-spray welding iyinqubo yokwelapha isifutho esishisayo ebusweni bezinto zensimbi.Ishisisa impushana (impushana yensimbi, i-alloy powder, i-ceramic powder) iye endaweni encibilikisiwe noma ephakeme yepulasitiki ngokusebenzisa umthombo wokushisa, bese iyifafaza ngokugeleza komoya bese iyibeka phezu kwengxenye ehlanzwe ngaphambili ukuze yakhe ungqimba ubuso bengxenye.(I-Substrate) ihlanganiswe nesendlalelo esiqinile (welding).
Esikhathini se-spray welding kanye nenqubo yokuqina kokuqina, kokubili i-carbide enosimende kanye ne-substrate kunenqubo yokuncibilika, futhi kunendawo encibilikayo eshisayo lapho i-carbide enosimende ne-substrate ihlangana khona.Indawo iyindawo yokuxhumana yensimbi.Kunconywa ukuthi ubukhulu be-carbide enosimende kufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-3mm ngokushisela isifutho noma ngokungaphezulu.
Ⅲ. Ukuqina kwendawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwebhola kanye nesihlalo se-valve yebhola evalwe kanzima
Indawo yokuxhumana yensimbi eshelelayo idinga ukuba nomehluko othile wokuqina, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula ukubangela ukubanjwa.Ngokusebenza okungokoqobo, umehluko wokuqina phakathi kwebhola le-valve nesihlalo se-valve ngokuvamile u-5-10HRC, okwenza i-valve yebhola ibe nempilo engcono yesevisi.Ngenxa yokucutshungulwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwendilinga kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokucubungula, ukuze kuvikelwe i-sphere emonakalweni nasekugugekeni, ukuqina kwendawo ngokuvamile kuphezulu kunobulukhuni bendawo yesihlalo se-valve.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlanganisa ubulukhuni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthinteni ubuso obuqinile bebhola levalvu kanye nesihlalo sevalvu: ①Ukuqina kwendawo yebhola yevalvu ngu-55HRC, kanti ingaphezulu lesihlalo sevalvu ngu-45HRC.I-alloy, lo mdlalo wokuqina uwumdlalo wokuqina osetshenziswa kakhulu wamavalvu ebhola enziwe ngensimbi, engahlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokugqoka zamavalvu ebhola avaliwe;②Ukuqina okungaphezulu kwebhola levalvu ngu-68HRC, ingaphezulu lesihlalo sevalvu ngu-58HRC, futhi ingaphezulu lebhola levalvu lingafuthwa nge-supersonic tungsten carbide.Ubuso besihlalo se-valve bungenziwa nge-Stellite20 alloy ngokufafaza kwe-supersonic.Lobu bunzima busetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali amalahle futhi kunokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu nempilo yesevisi.
Ⅳ.I-Epilogue
Ibhola le-valve kanye nesihlalo se-valve ye-valve yebhola evalwe kanzima yensimbi ithatha inqubo yokuqina enengqondo, enganquma ngokuqondile impilo yesevisi nokusebenza kwe-valve yensimbi eqinile, futhi inqubo yokuqina enengqondo inganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-26-2022